For more information on plant hardiness zones in Canada, visit Natural Resources Canada. White birch is sometimes called canoe birch as the bark can be used to make canoes. The dormancy hormone, abscisic acid, may be concerned in this response and also in stomata…. [8], The branches of the silver birch often have tangled masses of twigs known as witch's brooms growing among them, caused by the fungus Taphrina betulina. carelica, fontqueri, laciniata, lapponica, meridionalis, microlepis, and parvibracteata, as well as forms Betula pendula f. bircalensis, crispa, and palmeri. Return to our Trees of Canada resource here: Hardiness zones are based largely on climate, particularly minimum temperatures. Several Chinese birches and the Japanese white birch (B. platyphylla japonica) are sometimes used ornamentally. Betula pendula, commonly known as silver birch, warty birch, European white birch,[2] or East Asian white birch,[3] is a species of tree in the family Betulaceae, native to Europe and parts of Asia, though in southern Europe, it is only found at higher altitudes. They are usually bright green, turning yellow in autumn. It contains around 1% sugars and can be used in a similar way to maple syrup, being drunk fresh, concentrated by evaporation, or fermented into a "wine". Gray birch, paper birch, river birch, sweet birch, yellow birch, and white birch are the best known; white birch is usually called silver birch in England, but the latter name is also sometimes given to paper birch and to yellow birch. [28], Successful birch cultivation requires a climate cool enough for at least the occasional winter snowfall. This allows a variety of mosses, grasses, and flowering plants to grow beneath, which in turn attract insects. Updates? This huge type of tree has extensive branches in … The foliage is a pale to medium green and turns yellow early in the autumn before the leaves fall. [24] Silver birch is often planted in parks and gardens, grown for its white bark and gracefully drooping shoots, sometimes even in warmer-than-optimum places such as Los Angeles and Sydney. [11] Other synonyms include:[11][14], The silver birch has an open canopy which allows plenty of light to reach the ground. Rose bushes, lily of the valleys, lilacs and peonies generate in these biomes commonly, as well as the usual dandelions and … Found in every Canadian province and territory, white birch tolerates diverse environmental conditions. Tribes with Birch Clans include the Pueblo tribes of New Mexico, whose Birch Clan is named Nana or Nana-tdoa. Birch oil and birch beer made from sap are obtained from the trees. Most require moist, sandy, and loamy soil; they are usually propagated by seeding or grafting. The dead twigs are also useful as kindling for outdoor fires. [6] The oldest Banyan tree is present in Kolkata. Other names: Paper birch, canoe birch. [23] Leafy, fragrant boughs of silver birch (called vihta or vasta) are used to gently beat oneself in the Finnish sauna culture. [9] It is naturalised and locally invasive in parts of Canada. They are sticky with resin at first, but this dries as they age, leaving small, white scales. It is also native to northern Morocco and has become naturalised in some other parts of the world. It has been introduced into North America, where it is known as the European white birch, and is considered invasive in some states in the United States and parts of Canada. Flowering plants often found in birch woods include primrose (Primula vulgaris), violet (Viola riviniana), bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), wood anemone (Anemone nemorosa), and wood sorrel (Oxalis acetosella). [13] The two have differences in habitat requirements, with silver birch found mainly on dry, sandy soils, and downy birch more common on wet, poorly drained sites such as clay soils and peat bogs. There is only one BOTANICAL (scientific) name for each species and it aids us significantly in accurately communicating with others about a tree. [5], The silver birch grows naturally from western Europe eastwards to Kazakhstan, the Sakha Republic in Siberia, Mongolia, and the Xinjiang province in China, and southwards to the mountains of the Caucasus and northern Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [25] The removal of bark was at one time so widespread that Carl Linnaeus expressed his concern for the survival of the woodlands. The thin, water-impervious bark provided roofing, canoes, and shoes for North American Indians and early settlers. [21] In the United States, the wood is attacked by the bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius), an insect pest to which it has no natural resistance. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The silver birch is a hardy tree, a pioneer species, and one of the first trees to appear on bare or fire-swept land. In Scandinavia and other regions of northern Europe, it is grown for forest products such as lumber and pulp, as well as for aesthetic purposes and ecosystem services. Types of Trees in India with Pictures and Names: Here are the top 25 types of trees list that you may have most definitely noticed. They generate densely, but not densely enough to cast sufficient shadows to allow hostile mobs to spawn in daytime. [4], Silver birch wood is pale in colour with no distinct heartwood and is used in making furniture, plywood, veneers, parquet blocks, skis, and kitchen utensils, and in turnery. On older trunks the thick, deeply furrowed bark breaks into irregular plates. Usually 30 metres (100 feet) high, with flaking gray or orange-gray bark, it has heart-shaped leaves about 15 centimetres (6 inches) long and is a hardy ornamental. Birches were among the first trees to become established after the glaciers receded. They grow best in full sun planted in deep, well-drained soil.[29]. [4] Historically, the bark was used for tanning. Short, slender branches rise to a narrow pyramidal crown on a young tree; they become horizontal, often pendulous, on an older tree. [1][11] B. szaferi was previously considered extinct in the wild on the Red List, but is now considered a form of B. pendula with the presence of a mutant gene, causing it to grow weakly and fruit heavily. Many species of birds and animals are found in birch woodland, the tree supports a wide range of insects and the light shade it casts allows shrubby and other plants to grow beneath its canopy. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Yet, downy birches are characterised by hairy leaves and young shoots, whereas the same parts on silver birch are hairless. [17], The larvae of a large number of species of butterflies, moths, and other insects feed on the leaves and other parts of the silver birch. [1] The synonym Betula oycowiensis (as B. oycoviensis) was previously listed on the Red List as vulnerable,[22] though it is now considered a synonym of B. pendula subsp. The COMMON name of a tree can sometimes be helpful or confusing when trying to find out specific information about a tree.. For example: Two of the common tree names for Acer negundo are boxelder … [5] Some shoots are long and bear the male catkins at the tip, while others are short and bear female catkins. Other mycorrhizal associates include Leccinum scabrum and Cantharellus cibarius. 0a, 0b, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b. [4], The leaves have short, slender stalks and are 3 to 7 cm (1.2 to 2.8 in) long, triangular with broad, untoothed, wedge-shaped bases, slender pointed tips, and coarsely double-toothed, serrated margins. Corrections? As they are shallow-rooted, they may require water during dry periods. Other notes. European white birch (Betula pendula). See Citrus Trees, List of Vernacular Names for an example.. The buds are small and sticky, and development is sympodial - the terminal bud dies away and growth continues from a lateral bud.

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