Notable competitions include the Triple Crown of Surfing and The Eddie. The number of same-sex couple households in 2010 was 3,239; a 35.5% increase of figures from a decade earlier. The state's food exports include coffee, macadamia nuts, pineapple, livestock, sugarcane and honey. The exact spelling of the state's name in the Hawaiian language is Hawaiʻi. The cuisine of Hawaii is a fusion of many foods brought by immigrants to the Hawaiian Islands, including the earliest Polynesians and Native Hawaiian cuisine, and American, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Polynesian, Puerto Rican, and Portuguese origins. [195] According to Alia Wong of Honolulu Civil Beat, this is due to private schools being relatively inexpensive compared to ones on the mainland as well as the overall reputations of private schools.[196]. They used their influence to end many traditional practices of the people. In 1900, the total number of citizens living on the islands was declared at 154,001 and just ten years later that had risen by 24.6% to 191,874. [citation needed] These Polynesians remained in the islands; they eventually became the Hawaiian people and their languages evolved into the Hawaiian language. [95] The referendum asked voters to choose between accepting the Act and remaining a U.S. territory. [106] The state has a lower population density than Ohio and Illinois. [42], Because the islands of Hawaiʻi are distant from other land habitats, life is thought to have arrived there by wind, waves (i.e. It has more than 1.4 million residents, and is among the most diverse states in the country, with the nation's only Asian American demographic majority. The rainy climate impacts soil development, which largely determines ground permeability, affecting the distribution of streams and wetlands. The remaining islands are Molokai (7,345), Lanai (3,135), Niihau (170) and Kahoolawe (unpopulated). [31] Hawaii is the southernmost U.S. state and the second westernmost after Alaska. Snow rarely falls on Haleakalā. The lexicon of HCE derives mainly from English but also uses words that have derived from Hawaiian, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Ilocano and Tagalog. 1,415,872. [171] These numbers may not take into account some costs, such as increased travel costs for flights, additional shipping fees, and the loss of promotional participation opportunities for customers outside the contiguous U.S. The newest volcano, Lōʻihi Seamount, is located south of the coast of Hawaiʻi Island. Mount Waiʻaleʻale on Kauaʻi has the second-highest average annual rainfall on Earth, about 460 inches (12,000 mm) per year. The Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Peace and the Co-Cathedral of Saint Theresa of the Child Jesus serve as seats of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu. After a series of battles that ended in 1795, all inhabited islands were subjugated under a single ruler, who became known as King Kamehameha the Great. The population of Hawaii began to finally increase after an influx of primarily Asian settlers that arrived as m… [citation needed], HCE speakers have modified the meanings of some English words. The highest rate of bachelors degrees is among white people with a rate of 45.69%. [72][73][74] Missionaries from each major group administered to the leper colony at Kalaupapa on Molokaʻi, which was established in 1866 and operated well into the 20th century. Hawaii's musical contributions to the music of the United States are out of proportion to the state's small size. [135], Some residents of Hawaii speak Hawaiʻi Creole English (HCE), endonymically called pidgin or pidgin English. Hawaii is the only state to have Asians as its largest ethnic group, making this a majority-minority state. [185], Hawaii hosts numerous cultural events. This is followed by Maui County, with a population increase of 6.23%, Hawaii County with a growth of 5.99%, and Honolulu County posting 4.43% growth from 2010 to 2015. The death of the bachelor King Kamehameha V—who did not name an heir—resulted in the popular election of Lunalilo over Kalākaua. "[154], During the late 19th and early 20th century, the word aikāne was expurgated of its original sexual meaning by colonialism, and in print simply meant "friend". [50], Climates vary considerably on each island; they can be divided into windward and leeward (koʻolau and kona, respectively) areas based upon location relative to the higher mountains. Some scholars have dismissed these claims due to a lack of credibility. The ship departed without retrieving the stolen boat. [207] The Honolulu High-Capacity Transit Corridor Project aims to add elevated passenger rail on Oahu to relieve highway congestion. Although the growth rate has slowed, it is projected that the population will continue to rise at a rate around 1% for the foreseeable future, with the population crossing the 1,500,000 mark by 2020 with Oahu growing at the slowest rate and the Big Island growing at the fastest. [dubious – discuss] A second wave of migration from Raiatea and Bora Bora took place in the 11th century. In contexts where "to be" is used in, Senator Inouye, who ranked first in seniority, died in December 2012. [180], Prior to the 15th century, Polynesian people migrated east to the Cook Islands, and from there to other island groups such as Tahiti and the Marquesas. There are eight major islands in Hawaii. The Hawaiʻi State Constitutional Convention of 1978 created institutions such as the Office of Hawaiian Affairs to promote indigenous language and culture. Across the archipelago are around 130 small rocks and islets, such as Molokini, which are either volcanic, marine sedimentary or erosional in origin. Policy decisions are made by the fourteen-member state Board of Education, which sets policy and hires the superintendent of schools, who oversees the state Department of Education. Surfing has been a central part of Polynesian culture for centuries.

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