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locomotion in annelida

Movement involves extending the body, anchoring it to a surface with setae, and contracting body muscles. III. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A, 94C, 295–302.Find this resource: Horridge, G. A. Journal of Experimental Biology, 218, 176–183.Find this resource: Dorgan, K. M., D'Amelio, C., & Lindsay, S. M. (2016). The diversity of hydrostatic skeletons. Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, 63, 399–416.Find this resource: Gray, J. (2002). 19.7) has become a favored animal for evolutionary and developmental studies (Tessmar-Raible et al., 2005; Raible & Tessmar-Raible, 2014). Scaling of the hydrostatic skeleton in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. 19.4d–f). Annelid, phylum name Annelida, also called segmented worm, any member of a phylum of invertebrate animals that are characterized by the possession of a body cavity (or coelom), movable bristles (or setae), and a body divided into segments by transverse rings, or annulations, from which they take their name.The coelom is reduced in leeches, and setae are lacking a few … As the contraction wave moves posteriorly, progressively more of the front end is contracted and lies on the surface, thereby providing more frictional surface area to keep the front end from sliding backward as the back end is pulled forward. (1976). It focuses on three major groups (leeches, earthworms, and nereid polychaetes) that have attracted the most research attention. Left to itself in a water-filled chamber, particularly in a new one, a leech will often show “searching behavior”: with their posterior sucker attached, they extend their body and move the front end in an arc back and forth, to the right and to These undulations, like those in crawling, are either left/right or up/down in a given species. shape that optimizes the thrust produced by the metachronal waves (Taylor, 1952). Neuronal control of swimming in the medicinal leech. Such recordings had previously been reported from crawling, semi-intact leeches (Baader & Kristan, 1995), but Eisenhart et al. A., & Friesen, W. O. Neuroscience Research, 48, 457–462.Find this resource: Mullins, O. J., Brodfuehrer, P. D., Jusufović, S., Hackett, J. T., & Friesen, W. O. Brain Research Bulletin, 134, 643–655.Find this resource: Mangan, P. S., Curran G. A., Hurney, C. A., & Friesen, W. O. Facilitation of the main generator source of earthworm muscle contraction by a peripheral neuron. Journal of Experimental Biology, 215, 211–219.Find this resource: Clark, R. B., & Hermans, C. O. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 160, 447–457.Find this resource: De-Miguel, F. F., & Trueta, C. (2005) Synaptic and extrasynaptic secretion of serotonin. Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 2597–2608.Find this resource: Gardner, C. R. (1976). Segmented annelids have a linear array of repeating segments that stiffen by co-contracting antagonistic muscles—generally longitudinal and circular muscles—around the outside of each segment (Gray & Lissman, 1938; Taylor, 1952; Kristan et al., 2000; Kier, 2012), which form the bulk of the body wall (Fig. Impulse patterns of motor neurons. (1938). 19.6C). Stretch receptors and body wall muscle in leeches. When fully extended, the front sucker attaches and a wave of longitudinal muscle contractions ensue that also start at the front end and progress posteriorly. the left, mixed in with shortenings, in a seemingly random pattern (Garcia-Perez et al., 2005, 2007).

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