But what would happen to the blacks? By the end of 1776, seven hundred of Rogers' Rangers were raiding Patriot outposts in Westchester. Ferguson, inventor of a breech-loading rifle, found himself in a situation where his Loyalists were armed with muskets, and the Patriots with rifles, whose range was greater. "[54] One American historian has gone so far as to assert that the British position on black civil rights during the Revolution was morally superior to that of the Patriots. The British were being told that large numbers of Loyalists eagerly awaited their arrival in the South. His eleven hundred men slightly outnumbered Morgan's force, which consisted of Continental regulars and Patriot militia. Another famous loyalist was Joseph Galloway who was the Pennsylvania delegate to the Continental Congress but later worked for the British army. Brown's East Florida Rangers, some of the New York Volunteers, and the Carolina Royalists marched in Lieutenant Colonel Archibald Campbell's British column when it marched on and took Augusta. Many of the senior British officers in North America refused to comply with article 7. There were blacks in the Royal Artillery units in Savannah, and black dragoons (cavalry). This unit had been formed by the British general Henry Clinton, in North Carolina, from slaves responding to Dunmore's proclamation. [3] It is estimated that between 20-45% of the population were somewhere in the middle as "Trimmers' or neutrals who bent with the wind. He saw through a window, by faint moonlight, the hated Tory cavalry trotting past. Loyalists were American colonists who stayed loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War, often called Tories, Royalists, or King's Men at the time. It was quickly augmented by volunteers from the South. The Patriots at Ninety-Six used classic siege warfare techniques, inching ever closer to the Loyalist fortifications. It was decided to tap this supposed loyal sentiment. Cornwallis sent Tarleton and his men on a lightning raid against the Virginia Patriot government at Charlottesville, Virginia. (There were few English-speaking Canadians at this time). Hearing that Lord Rawdon was marching to the relief of the fort, Greene ordered a general attack. Large numbers of Iroquois Indians were recruited to the British side by the Mohawk leader Joseph Brant (Thayendenegea).[12]. Supported by British regulars and Loyalists, the Mohawks, Senecas and Cayugas destroyed the Oneida settlements, driving the Oneidas away and destroying their usefulness as an early warning line to alert defenders that the Indian and Loyalist raiders were coming. Major Patrick Ferguson commanded a Loyalist force which was enjoying success in pacifying northern South Carolina for the royal cause. In November, 1778, a mixed force of Loyalists and Indians attacked settlements in Cherry Valley, New York. Two novels at least deal with the story of the black Loyalists. The Patriot commander Colonel Henry Lee (father of Robert E. Lee) was in pursuit of Tarleton, who was moving around the area with a renewed force, recruiting Loyalists. Some escaped slaves became Loyalists. The sacking of New Haven gave birth to a Yale legend. There is a bust of John Butler of Butler's Rangers at the Valiants Memorial in Ottawa. [85]. Eliza Wilkinson, daughter of slave-holding Patriots, recorded a Loyalist raid of which she thought one of the most terrible features was the presence of "armed Negroes". Roberts did not portray his Loyalist hero as eventually seeing the error of his ways and returning to the American fold. The story of the black Loyalists is outlined, with references, later in this article. Referring to this later group of land-seeking immigrants, Canadian historian Fred Landon concludes that, "Western Ontario received far more land-seekers than Loyalists. The Patriot forces were eventually driven from the field. In history, Tarleton's men were mostly Loyalists. To begin with, Lieutenant Colonel Archibald Campbell, in command of a British regiment, two Hessian regiments, four Loyalist battalions and artillery, was dispatched to Georgia. Colonel Edmund Fanning of the King's Americans dissuaded Tryon from burning Yale College and the town (Fanning was a Yale graduate). Buford and eighty or ninety men escaped. Eventually the Patriots ran out of ammunition, but they cut off the Loyalists' water supply. [27] Another leader of Loyalists, the Scotsman Patrick Ferguson, commanded a force called the American Volunteers, who formed part of the army which took Charleston. This unit was Butler's Rangers. Colonel Tye, so-called by the British, then founded a unit which the British called the Black Brigade. 891-912, Smith, (Vol. By the end of 1776, about eighteen hundred Loyalist soldiers had been recruited, most from Long Island, Staten Island, and Westchester County. The longer the Revolutionary War went on, the more fluid and dynamic the "Patriot" and "Loyalist" categories became; and the larger the population became that did not fit neatly into either camp.

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