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sipuncula organization

The shape of the body ranges from almost spherical to a slender cylinder. Structural elements are identified for tRNA(V), Fig. The two crustaceans were paraphyletic in the MP analysis, albeit with poor (<50%) bootstrap support, but grouped together in both the ML and NJ analyses. Leucine is inferred to be the most frequent amino acid, present 243 times in these six inferred amino acid sequences, followed by four amino acids in nearly equal numbers, each about half as common as leucine: alanine (124), isoleucine (123), phenylalanine (135), and serine (125). Knowledge of the reproductive biology of sipunculans is scanty, and good information on breeding cycles is unavailable for most genera. 1999 ; Le et al. Discrepancies among the ML, MP, and NJ analyses were in the placement of the brachiopod T. retusa and the relationship among the crustaceans D. pulex and Artemia franciscana. Sasuga J., S.-I. The DNA strand shown in figure 2 is rich in pyrimidines (C and T). This appears to be the case for three genes in P. gouldii mtDNA. ... free-living animals may lose a segmented body organization. dumerilii, L. terrestris) tree was significantly shorter (P < 0.0001). Annelida. Consistent with this and with the phylogenetic placement of Sipuncula advanced here (see below), each of the P. gouldii protein-encoding genes in this portion of the mtDNA appears to start with ATG (the initiator of cox1 is not present in this sequence). The unusual placement of Alligator mississippiensis is poorly supported (see text). Most of the studied animal mitochondrial genomes contain one or more genes that initiate with some alternative to the standard ATG. The names and the other taxa linked with this relatively small group of worms have been reviewed in detail by Hyman (1959; see also table 1 in Stephen and Edmonds, 1972, for twentieth-century usage). Additional analyses specifically tested the effect of grouping P. gouldii with the two annelids versus with the mollusk/brachiopod group, first using a Kishino-Hasegawa test (Kishino and Hasegawa 1989 ) as implemented in Tree-Puzzle (http://www.tree-puzzle.de/) and second using a nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-ranks test (Templeton 1983 ) as implemented in PAUP*. There is potential for P. gouldii tRNA(S2) to have such an extended anticodon stem and also to have a paired DHU arm with an unusual structure, with only one nucleotide separating the amino-acyl acceptor arm from the DHU arm. All sequence was determined for both strands using synthetic oligonucleotides to “primer-walk” through the long-PCR-amplified fragments. Also Read: Animal Kingdom. Giribet G., D. L. Distel, M. Polz, W. Sterrer, W. C. Wheeler. The resultant sipunculan/annelid tree in this analysis was also significantly shorter (P < 0.0001) than (P. gouldii,L. The upper layer of that preparation contains both nuclear and nonsupercoiled (i.e., nicked) mitochondrial DNA.

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